SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
Simple present tense merupakan salah satu bentuk tense dari
kelompok Present(saat ini) untuk mengungkapkan aktifitas yang biasa dilakukan
sehari-hari atau menyatakan keadaan atau pekerjaan yang merupakan
rutinitas,kebiasaan sehari-hari dan kebenaran yang bersifat umum.
VERBAL
+)S+V1(s/es)+O+Adv
-)S+do/does+not+V1+Adv
?)Do/does+S+V1+O+Adv
NOMINAL
+)S+is/am/are+Adj/N/Adv
-)S+is/am/are+not+Adj/N/Adv
?)
is/am/are+S+Adj/N/Adv
Kalimat verbal : kalimat yang predikatnya kata
kerja.
Kalimat nominal : kalimat yang predikatnya
bukan kata kerja
ü
Akhiran
-es ditambahkan untuk kata-kata yang berakhiran “o,sh,ch,s,z dan x”.
Apabila kata kerja berakhiran “y” tapi sebelum huruf “y” adalah huruf mati,maka”y”
diganti dengan”I” dan ditambah “es”.Akan tetapi apabila berakhiran “y” dan
sebelumnya huruf hidup maka cukup ditambah “s”.
ü
Penambahan ini hanya untuk kalimat Simple
Present dengan subject :She,He dan It.Akan tetapi penambahan ini juga bisa
ditambahkan untuk noun/kata benda agar menjadi jamak.
contoh :
1. +)He plays anklung every day(KV)
2 .+)Rio is greedy(KN)
3. +)Dhani goes to Riddo’ s house every
morning(KV)
4. +)They are stingy(KN)
5. +)I eat banana every morning(KV)
ket:
KV=Kalimat Verbal
KN=Kalimat Nominal
PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE
Untuk menyatakan suatu tindakan sedang
berlangsung pada saat sedang berbicara(sekarang).
Untuk menyatakan tindakan yang segera akan
terjadi
Untuk menyatakan situasi yg berubah-ubah
Time signal:Now,right now,at
present,at this moment, etc.
contoh :
1) +)
I am eating chocolate now.
2) +)She
is cooking at home now
3) +) They are discussing right now
4) +)Rio
is drinking cocacola now
5) +)they
are staying in Tasikmalaya
1.) -)I
am not eating chocolate now.
2.) -)She
is not cooking at home now
3.) -)They
are not discussing right now
4.) -)Rio is not dringking cocacola now
5.) -)they
are staying in Tasikmalaya
1.) ?)Are
you eating chocolate now?
2.) ?is
she cooking at home now?
3.) ?)are
they discussing right now?
4.) ?is
Rio dringking cocacola now?
5.) ?)are
they staying in Tasikmalaya?
PRESEN PERFECT TENSE
present perfect tense digunakan
untuk menyatakan tindakan atau penyelesaian suatu tindakan,waktu terjadinya tidaklah penting,yang penting adalah hasil atau akibatnya.
Penggunaan:
A.menyatakan perbuatan yang telah
atau belum dilakukan
B.Menyatakan perbuatan yang
sedang berlangsung sampai sekarang pada
kata-kata kerja tertentu.
Menggunakan time duration / time signal yang menunjukkan bahwa perbuatan masih berlangsung hingga saat ini.
Menggunakan time duration / time signal yang menunjukkan bahwa perbuatan masih berlangsung hingga saat ini.
contoh :
1.) +)
I have been sleepy
2.) +)
They have been at home since four o’clock
3.) +)My
mother has lived in Balikpapan since 1995
4.) +)Romy has gone to bookshop
5.) +)They
have worked for six hours
1.) -)I
have not been sleepy
2.) -)They
have not been at home since four o’clock
3.) -)
My mother has not lived in Balikpapan since 1995
4.) -)Romy
has not gone to bookshop
5.) -)They
have not worked for six hours
1. ?)Have
you been sleepy?
2. ?)Have
they been at home since four o’clock?
3. ?)Has
my mother lived in Balikpapan since 1995?
4. ?)Has
Romy gone to bookshop?
5. ?)Have
they worked for six hour?
PRESENT PERFECT
CONTINUOUS TENSE
Untuk menyatakan suatu tindakan
yang berawal dari suatu waktu di waktu lampau,masih berlagsung sampai
sekarang
pada saat sedang berbicara, atau suatu tindakan yang baru saja selesai.
contoh :
1.)
+)He
has been waiting for two hours.
2.)
+)The
toddlers have been sleeping for three hours.
3.)
+)Indah
has been working at that company for three years.
4.)
+)Jhonny
has been preparing his homework since yesterday.
5.)
+)My
sister has been collecting sticker since
five years ago.
1.)
-)He
has not been waiting for two hours.
2.)
-)The toddlers have not been sleeping for three
hours.
3.)
-)Indah has not been working at that
company for three years.
4.)
-)Jhonny
has not been preparing his homework since yesterday.
5.)
-)My
sister has been collecting sticker since
five years ago.
1.)
Has he been waiting for two hours?
2.)
Have the toddlers been sleeping for three hours?
3.)
Has Indah been working at that company for three
years.
4.)
Has Jhonny been preparing his homework since
yesterday?
5.)
Has my sister been collecting sticker since five
years ago?
SIMPLE PAST TENSE
Past tense digunakan untuk
menyatakan situasi atau tindakan yang terjadi di waktu terentu di waktu lampau,
kebiasaan di waktu lampau,dan kalimat pengandaian bentuk kedua.
contoh :
1.)
+)Dio was late yesterday.
2.)
+)He saw a movie yesterday morning.
3.)
+)Greyson bought
a comic yesterday
4.)
+)My friend visited me last week.
5.)
+)They were at Victor’s house last night.
1.)
Dio was not late yesterday.
2.)
He not saw a movie yesterday morning.
3.)
Greyson not bought a comic yesterday.
4.)
My friend not visited me last week
5.)
They were not at Victor’s house last night.
1.)
?)Was Dio late yesterday?
2.)
?)Did he see a movie yesterday morning?
3.)
?)Did Greyson buy a comic yesterday?
4.)
?)Did my friend visit me last week?
5.)
?)Were they at Victor’s house last night?
PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE
Past continuous tense digunakan untuk menyatakan bahwa suatu tindakan sedang terjadi di waktu lampau;yang
dipentingkan adalah sedang terjadinya tindakan lampau tersebut bukan penyelesasiannya.
Econtoh:
1.) +)My Sister was cooking when it began to rain.
2.) +)Tio was playing football while Andri was Watching TV
3.) +)we were having a meeting at eight this morning.
4.) +)Endru was being abroad when his uncle passed away.
5.) +)Oscar was sleeping when I visited him.
1.) -) My Sister was not cooking when it began to rain.
2.) -)Tio was not playing football while Andri was Watching TV.
3.) -)we were not having a meeting at eight this morning.
4.) -)Endru was not being abroad when his uncle passed away.
5.) -)Oscar was not sleeping when I visited him.
1.) ?) Was my sister cooking when it began to rain?
2.) ?)Was Tio playing football while Andri was watching TV?
3.) ?)Were we having a meeting at eight this morning
4.) ?)Was Endru being abroad when his uncle passed away?
5.) Was Oscar sleeping when I visited him?
PAST PERFECT TENSE
Untuk menyatakan dua perbuatan /kejadian di waktu lampau,dimana kejadian pertama dalam bentuk past perfect tense ,sedangkan kejadian yang berikutnya dalam bentuk past tense. Digunakan dalam indirect speech
contoh:
1.) +)You had been a teacher when he was in Junior high school
2.) +)I had eaten before Indah came
3.) +)I had known him before you introduced me to him
4.) +)I had never seen such a beautiful beach before I went to Bali
5.) +)Razan had studied English before he moved to LA
1.) -)You had not been a teacher when he was in Junior high school
2.) -)I had not eaten before Indah came
3.) -)I had not known him before you introduced me to him
4.) -)I had not never seen such a beautiful beach before I went to Bali
5.) -)Razan had not studied English before he moved to LA
1.) ?) Had you been a teacher when he was in Junior high school
2.) ?)Had I been eaten before Indah came?
3.) ?)Had I known him before you introduced me to him?
4.) ?)Had I never seen such a beautiful beach before I went to Bali?
6.) ?)Had Razan studied English before he moved to LA?
PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
Past perfect continuous tense adalah suatu bentuk kata kerja yang digunakan untuk mengungkapkan suatu aksi
dengan durasi waktu tertentu dimasa lalu sebelum aksi lainnya terjadi. Selain itu, tense ini juga digunakan untuk
mengekspresikan berapa lama suatu aksi terjadi sampai titik waktu tertentu dimasa lampau.
contoh :
1.) +) I had been doing my homework when Rio came back home
2.) +)You had been going when Dhani came
3.) +)They had been talking when the teacher taught them
4.) +)we had been finishing the work for three days before he moved to Australia
5.) +)I had been sleeping for an hour when it started raining
1.) -) I had not been doing my homework when Rio came back home
2.) -)You had not been going when Dhani came
3.) -)They had not been talking when the teacher taught them.
4.) -)we had not been finishing the work for three days before he moved to Australia
5.) -)I had not been sleeping for an hour when it started raining
1.) ?)had you been doing my homework when Rio came back home
2.) ?)had you been going when Dhani came
3.) ?)had they been talking when the teacher teaught them?
4.) ?)had we been finishing the work for three days before he moved to Australia?
5.) ?)had you been sleeping an hour when it started raining?
FUTURE TENSE
Future Tense atau Simple Future digunakan untuk menyatakan peristiwa yang Akan Terjadi. Future tense adalah
tentang Nanti. Sesuatu arti katanyaFuture yaitu “Masa Depan”. Karena itu dalam Future Tense penggunaan kata
Will, Shall yang artinya akan pastilah mendominasi.
PAST FUTURE TENSE
Past Future Tense digunakan untuk menyatakan peristiwa yang AKAN dilakukan, TETAPI di masa lampau, bukan saat ini.
contoh:
FUTURE PAST PERFECT TENSE
Past continuous tense digunakan untuk menyatakan bahwa suatu tindakan sedang terjadi di waktu lampau;yang
dipentingkan adalah sedang terjadinya tindakan lampau tersebut bukan penyelesasiannya.
Econtoh:
1.) +)My Sister was cooking when it began to rain.
2.) +)Tio was playing football while Andri was Watching TV
3.) +)we were having a meeting at eight this morning.
4.) +)Endru was being abroad when his uncle passed away.
5.) +)Oscar was sleeping when I visited him.
1.) -) My Sister was not cooking when it began to rain.
2.) -)Tio was not playing football while Andri was Watching TV.
3.) -)we were not having a meeting at eight this morning.
4.) -)Endru was not being abroad when his uncle passed away.
5.) -)Oscar was not sleeping when I visited him.
1.) ?) Was my sister cooking when it began to rain?
2.) ?)Was Tio playing football while Andri was watching TV?
3.) ?)Were we having a meeting at eight this morning
4.) ?)Was Endru being abroad when his uncle passed away?
5.) Was Oscar sleeping when I visited him?
PAST PERFECT TENSE
Untuk menyatakan dua perbuatan /kejadian di waktu lampau,dimana kejadian pertama dalam bentuk past perfect tense ,sedangkan kejadian yang berikutnya dalam bentuk past tense. Digunakan dalam indirect speech
contoh:
1.) +)You had been a teacher when he was in Junior high school
2.) +)I had eaten before Indah came
3.) +)I had known him before you introduced me to him
4.) +)I had never seen such a beautiful beach before I went to Bali
5.) +)Razan had studied English before he moved to LA
1.) -)You had not been a teacher when he was in Junior high school
2.) -)I had not eaten before Indah came
3.) -)I had not known him before you introduced me to him
4.) -)I had not never seen such a beautiful beach before I went to Bali
5.) -)Razan had not studied English before he moved to LA
1.) ?) Had you been a teacher when he was in Junior high school
2.) ?)Had I been eaten before Indah came?
3.) ?)Had I known him before you introduced me to him?
4.) ?)Had I never seen such a beautiful beach before I went to Bali?
6.) ?)Had Razan studied English before he moved to LA?
PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
Past perfect continuous tense adalah suatu bentuk kata kerja yang digunakan untuk mengungkapkan suatu aksi
dengan durasi waktu tertentu dimasa lalu sebelum aksi lainnya terjadi. Selain itu, tense ini juga digunakan untuk
mengekspresikan berapa lama suatu aksi terjadi sampai titik waktu tertentu dimasa lampau.
contoh :
1.) +) I had been doing my homework when Rio came back home
2.) +)You had been going when Dhani came
3.) +)They had been talking when the teacher taught them
4.) +)we had been finishing the work for three days before he moved to Australia
5.) +)I had been sleeping for an hour when it started raining
1.) -) I had not been doing my homework when Rio came back home
2.) -)You had not been going when Dhani came
3.) -)They had not been talking when the teacher taught them.
4.) -)we had not been finishing the work for three days before he moved to Australia
5.) -)I had not been sleeping for an hour when it started raining
1.) ?)had you been doing my homework when Rio came back home
2.) ?)had you been going when Dhani came
3.) ?)had they been talking when the teacher teaught them?
4.) ?)had we been finishing the work for three days before he moved to Australia?
5.) ?)had you been sleeping an hour when it started raining?
FUTURE TENSE
Future Tense atau Simple Future digunakan untuk menyatakan peristiwa yang Akan Terjadi. Future tense adalah
tentang Nanti. Sesuatu arti katanyaFuture yaitu “Masa Depan”. Karena itu dalam Future Tense penggunaan kata
Will, Shall yang artinya akan pastilah mendominasi.
contoh:
1.)
+)I shall be at school tomorrow morning
2.)
+)You will be there next week
3.)
+)They will go to the zoo next week
4.)
+)She will buy a new bag next month
5.)
+)I am going to be at home tomorrow evening
6.)
-)I shall not be at school tomorrow morning
7.)
-)You will not be there next week
8.)
-)They will not go to the zoo next week
9.)
-)She will not buy a new bag next month
10.) -)I
am not going to be at home tomorrow evening
11.) ?)shall
I be at school tomorrow morning?
12.) ?)will
you be there next week?
13.) ?)will
they go to the zoo next week?
14.) ?)will
she buy a new bag next month?
15.) ?)am
I going to be at home tomorrow evening?
FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE
Future continuous tense adalah bentuk kata kerja yang digunakan
untuk mengungkapkan aksi yang
akan sedang terjadi di masa depan. Selain itu,
bentuk kata kerja ini dapat pula digunakan untuk mengekspresikan jadwal atau rencana.
contoh:
+)We shall be staying here at seven tomorrow evening
+)He will be going to office at six thirty tomorrow morning.
+)I will be playing basketball at 10am tomorrow.
+)she will be having dinner when the film starts.
+)You will be waiting for him when his friend arrives tonight
-)We shall not be staying here at seven tomorrow evening
-)He will not be going to office at six thirty tomorrow
morning.
-)I will not be playing basketball at 10am
tomorrow.
-)she will not be having dinner when the film starts.
-)You will not be waiting for him when his friend arrives tonight
?) shall we be staying here at seven tomorrow evening?
?) will he be going
to office at six thirty tomorrow morning?
?)will he be playing basketball at 10am tomorrow?
?) will she be
having dinner when the film starts?
?) will you be waiting for him when his friend arrives tonight?
FUTURE PERFECT TENSE
Future perfect tense digunakan untuk menyatakan
kegiatan atau kejadian yang telah dimulai pada waktu lampau
yang akan
sudah/belum selesai dilakukan di masa yang akan datang.
contoh :
+)I shall have been in my house before 09:00 this morning.
+)You will have been in Surabaya before noon.
+)We shall have arrived in Batam before noon.
+)I shall have finished my homework before Thursday
+)I shall have cleaned my car before 18:00 this evening.
-)I shall not have been in my house before 09:00 this
morning.
-)You will not have been in Surabaya before noon.
-)We shall not have arrived in Batam before noon.
-)I shall have not finished my homework before Thursday
-)I shall have not cleaned my car before 18:00 this evening.
?) shall I have been
in my house before 09:00 this morning?
?) will you have been
in Surabaya before noon?
?) shall we have
arrived in Batam before noon?
?)shall I have finished my homework before Thursday ?
?) shall I have cleaned my car before 18:00 this evening?
FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
Future perfect continuous tense adalah suatu
bentuk kata kerja yang
digunakan untuk mengungkapkan aksi yang
berlangsung hingga titik waktu tertentu
dimasa depan.
contoh :
1.)
+)I shall have been going to the park before
Saturday
2.)
+)You will have been cooking fried chicken
before 05:00 this evening.
3.)
+)He will have been delivering a letter before Saturday
4.)
+)I shall have been visiting Siska’s house for
two hours
5.)
+)I shall have been playing badminton for three
hours.
6.)
-)I shall not
have been going to the park before Saturday
7.)
-)You will not have been cooking fried chicken
before 05:00 this evening.
8.)
-)He will not have been delivering a letter before Saturday
9.)
-)I shall not have been visiting Siska’s house
for two hours
10.) -)I
shall have not been playing badminton for three hours.
11.) ?)shall
I have been going to the park before Saturday?
12.) ?)
will you have been cooking fried chicken
before 05:00 this evening?
13.) ?)
will you have been delivering a letter
before Saturday?
14.) ?)shall
I have been visiting Siska’s house for two hours?
15.) ?)
shall I have been playing badminton for
three hours?
PAST FUTURE TENSE
Past Future Tense digunakan untuk menyatakan peristiwa yang AKAN dilakukan, TETAPI di masa lampau, bukan saat ini.
1.)
+)I should be there yesterday
2.)
+)He would cross the street this morning.
3.)
+)I would be in home this morning.
4.)
+)we should
take train to Jakarta
5.)
+)Rio would arrive in office at six.
6.)
-)I should
not be there yesterday
7.)
-)He would not cross the street this morning.
8.)
-)I would not be in home this morning.
9.)
-)we should not
take train to Jakarta
10.) -)Rio
would not arrive in office yesterday.
11.) ?)should I be there yesterday?
12.) ?)
would he cross the street this morning?
13.) ?) would
I be in home this morning?
14.) ?)should we take train to Jakarta?
15.) ?)
would Rio arrive in office at six?
FUTURE PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE
Future past continuous tense digunakan untuk menyatakan
suatu tindakan sedang akan berlangsung di waktu lampau,biasanya digunakan dalam
kalimat tak langsung(indirect speech)
contoh:
+) I should be having a meeting at this time
the following day
-)I should not be a meeting at this time the
following day.
?)should I be a meeting at this time the
following day?
+) She would
be cleaning her car after lunch
-) she would not be cleaning
her car after lunc
?)would she be cleaning her
car after lunc?
+) I should be watering the
flowers when my friends visited me
-)I should not be watering
the flowers when my friends visited me
?)Should I be watering the
flowers when my friends visited me?
digunakan sebagai jawaban terhadap kalimat pengandaian
bentuk ketiga.
contoh:
1.
+)I would
have come there if you had accompanied me.
2.
-)I would not have come there if you had not accompanied
me.
3.
?)Would you have come there if I had infited
you?
4.
+)You would have passed the examination if you had studied hard
5.
-)You would not have passed the examination if you studied hard
6.
?)would you have passed the examination if you
studied hard?
7.
+)we would have eaten if we had booked earlier.
8.
-)we would not have eaten if we had booked
earlier.
9.
?)would we have eaten if we had booked earlier?
FUTURE PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
Tense bahasa inggris terakhir ini digunakan untuk
mengungkapkan kejadian yang akan sudah sedang terjadi pada masa lalu. Past
future perfect continuous tense memiliki persamaan dengan future perfect
continuous tense.
contoh :
+)I said that I would have been learning Spanish at 04;oo
the day before
-)I said that I would not have been larning Spanish at 04:00
the day before
?)My mother whether or not (if) I would have been lerning
Spanish at 04:00the day before
+)I should have been washing my clothes
-)I should not have
been washing my clothes
?)should I have been washing my clothes?
+)I would have been coming home before noon.
-)I would not have been coming home before noon.
?)would I have been coming home before noon?
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